Clostridium Facts
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium known to be the most widely distributed pathogen in nature. It is commonly found in the environment (in soil and sewage) and in the intestines of animals and humans as a member of the normal flora.
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Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, and is usually found in soil and in aquatic sediments. It produces a neurotoxin that is lethal if not treated immediately and properly. This toxin is the cause of the disease botulism. There are seven types of botulism toxin that are recognized and are categorized by their antigenic specficity. Four types (A, B, E and F) cause human botulism, while two types (C and D) cause botulism in animals.
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Available Clostridium Genomes
Click on the organism of interest for a list of the genomes available.
Clostridium Strain & DNA Availability
Get information on how to obtain
Clostridium bacteria, DNA, antibodies and antigens through the NIAID funded
BEI Resources.
Genome Annotation at JCVI
The Pathema-
Clostridium resource provides updated gene model and functional curation following standardized protocols for all publicly available
Clostridium genomes.
Community Annotation
Community members are encouraged to participate in our annotation effort by registering and submitting updates from individual gene pages. Sign up using the link below to register for community annotation.
Clostridium Gene Search
Highlighted Gene Tools & Lists
Compare Genomes
The Pathema-
Clostridium resource offers several whole-genome and multi-genome comparative tools to help identify regions and proteins of interest. Homologous protein results are pre-computed using blastp and can be viewed using a number of our homology tools under the Comparative Tools menu. Sequence alignment of specific molecules can be obtained using MUMmer.
Other Analysis
Protein ortholog clusters
Precomputed protein ortholog clusters (based on the blastp results) support a number of additional gene and genome-level reports and graphical displays, including those listed below. Each protein cluster is also displayed on a cluster report page like
this one.
Compare Genes
The Pathema-
Clostridium resource provides pre-computed blastp results for each protein against every other protein in the database. Detailed results can be obtained via the individual gene pages' Protein vs. All Alignment link. ClustalW and BER alignments are also acccesible from this gene page tool.
Functional Genomics
Functional genomics attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data produced by genomic projects to describe gene and protein functions and interactions. Functional genomics focuses on dynamic aspects such as gene transcription, translation, and protein-protein interactions, as opposed to the static aspects of the genomic information such as DNA sequence or structures. Below we list the current tools available for functional genomics studies of Clostridium.
Clostridium Microarrays
Genome Properties
Genome Properties consists of a suite of "Properties" which are defined attributes of prokaryotic organisms including presence/absence of metabolic pathways and characteristics of a genome such as "human pathogen". These properties are evaluated by manual curation or computer algorithms.
KEGG Pathways
KEGG Pathways are manually drawn pathway maps representing the molecular interaction and reaction networks for metabolism, other cellular processes, and human diseases.
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